Wetland Conservation: Ramsar Convention and Wetlands Rules, 2017
Note
Montreux Record listings signal Ramsar sites under ecological threat requiring priority intervention, while domestic rules set hard prohibitions. India is a contracting party to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (1971) with over 80 Ramsar sites as of 2024. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017, framed under the Environment Protection Act, 1986, prohibit reclamation, solid waste dumping, and industrial effluent discharge within wetland boundaries. State Wetland Authorities, constituted under Rule 6, prepare site management plans. The National Wetland Conservation Programme channels funds to support these plans.
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- Air Quality Index
- Air pollution
- Circular economy
- Compensatory afforestation under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and the CAMPA framework
- Eco-sensitive zones, Aravalli mining
- Ecological Interactions, Phenology and Indicator Species
- Endangered wildlife
- Gadgil and Kasturirangan reports
- Illegal riverbed mining
- Invasive species
- Just transition
- Land degradation and ecological restoration
- National Coastal Mission (NCM 2.0)
- Noise pollution
- Offshore mining
- Reforestation
- Regenerative agriculture
- Waste management
- Waste-to-energy