GS-I: Heritage, History, Geography

India's freedom struggle

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Spans the entire arc of India's anti-colonial movement — from the 1857 Revolt and the founding of the Indian National Congress (1885) through the Moderate, Extremist, and Gandhian phases: Non-Cooperation (1920–22), Civil Disobedience (1930–34), and Quit India (1942). Ideological distinctions between constitutional and revolutionary nationalism are central, as are peasant and tribal uprisings led by figures such as Birsa Munda and Alluri Sitarama Raju, and contributions of women leaders like Aruna Asaf Ali. Regional and community-based contributions from underrepresented parts of the country are equally significant.