The Speaker's powers and presiding-officer neutrality

A structural problem runs through the office: the Speaker is drawn from the governing party yet must adjudicate against its interest in disqualification proceedings. Under Article 93, the Speaker is elected by the Lok Sabha from among its members; Article 100 gives a casting vote; Article 110(3) assigns certification of money bills; and paragraph 6 of the Tenth Schedule assigns disqualification decisions. Article 94 governs vacation of the office. Kihoto Hollohan (1992) made the Speaker a tribunal subject to limited judicial review, and Keisham Meghachandra (2020) proposed a three-month norm for deciding defection references. Wide discretion over admissibility of motions flows from the Rules of Procedure.