GS-III: Economy, Environment, S&T
Circular economy
Not met yet — counts as met once you answer a question on it.
Replacing the linear 'take-make-dispose' model with closed-loop resource use defines circular economy thinking. India's policy instruments include Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) frameworks under the Environment Protection Act 1986, Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016 (amended 2022), and mandates for e-waste and battery-waste recycling. The Bureau of Indian Standards plays a role in eco-design standards. Circular economy approaches aim to decouple economic growth from resource depletion and waste generation, and India's frameworks align with SDG 12 on responsible consumption and production.