GS-III: Economy, Environment, S&T
Eco-sensitive zones, Aravalli mining
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Supreme Court and National Green Tribunal jurisprudence has shaped how illegal mining in the Aravalli hill range — spanning Haryana, Rajasthan, and Delhi — is governed. Eco-sensitive zones (ESZ) are declared under Section 3 of the Environment Protection Act, 1986. The M.C. Mehta v. Union of India mining orders apply to mining in the range. State mining revenue interests pull against Supreme Court-mandated environmental protection, making the Aravallis a live site where federalism, judicial activism, and ESZ governance intersect.