GS-II: Governance, Polity, IR
India–Italy
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India–Italy bilateral ties encompass the Strategic Partnership framework, defence-industrial collaboration, trade in luxury goods and machinery, and diaspora linkages, with a notable flashpoint being the Enrica Lexie case (2012) involving Italian marines and India's maritime jurisdiction under UNCLOS and domestic law. Important parts are diplomatic immunity, consular rights under the Vienna Convention, and the interplay of international arbitration (PCA award, 2020) with domestic criminal jurisdiction.