Municipal works
Note
Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) execute civic infrastructure — roads, drains, solid waste management, street lighting, and water supply — as enumerated in the Twelfth Schedule under the 74th Amendment. Funding flows through state grants, own-source revenues, and centrally sponsored missions like AMRUT 2.0 and Smart Cities Mission. Municipal finance gaps — low property tax collection, dependence on State devolution, and limited bond markets — constrain capital expenditure on urban infrastructure and define the core governance challenge for ULBs.
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Questions on this topic
Consider the following pairs regarding urban planning and building regulation concepts used in development authority governance:
- Floor Area Ratio (FAR) — The ratio of a building's total floor area to the area of the plot on which it stands
- Setback — The minimum distance a building structure must be kept from the plot boundary or road edge
- Master Plan — A statutory long-term land-use document that guides the spatial growth and zoning of a town or city
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Explanation
All three pairs are correctly matched. Floor Area Ratio (FAR) — also called Floor Space Index (FSI) — expresses the relationship between total permissible built-up floor area and the area of the plot; a higher FAR permits denser construction on the same land. Setbacks are mandatory open spaces between a building and the boundary of the plot (or the road), and their reduction is a common tool used to squeeze more construction onto existing plots — their relaxation is therefore a significant indicator of regulatory loosening. A Master Plan (or Development Plan) is a statutory document prepared under town and country planning legislation that defines land-use zones, density norms, and infrastructure requirements to guide planned urban growth. These three concepts — FAR, setbacks, and Master Plan controls — form the core toolkit of building by-law and development-authority regulation in India.
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