Money bills and the financial powers of the two Houses

Classification, not content, is the contested step. Certifying a bill as a money bill removes the Rajya Sabha from it entirely. Article 110 defines a money bill exhaustively as one dealing only with taxation, Union borrowing, the Consolidated or Contingency Fund, or appropriation. Under Article 109, the Rajya Sabha has fourteen days to make recommendations, which the Lok Sabha may simply reject. Article 110(3) makes the Speaker's certificate final on its face. A financial bill under Article 117 is the wider category and follows ordinary procedure. The Aadhaar Act, 2016 certification was challenged, and Rojer Mathew (2019) referred the question of valid certification to a larger bench.

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