GS-II: Governance, Polity, IR
Cancer Diagnostics and Immunotherapeutics
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Indigenisation of CAR-T cell therapy reduces treatment costs, and early diagnostics directly determine five-year survival outcomes across India's high-burden cancers. Detection technologies include liquid biopsy, PET-CT imaging, biomarker-based screening, and next-generation sequencing used within India's National Cancer Grid. Immunotherapeutic modalities include PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies developed under Department of Biotechnology mission programmes. Clinical trial approval for biologics is governed by Schedule Y of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. CAR-T development links oncology innovation to the goal of affordable domestic biologics.