US Electoral System and Midterm Elections

The US system's winner-takes-all Electoral College, federally decalibrated administration, and absence of a direct popular presidential vote contrast sharply with India's First-Past-The-Post Lok Sabha elections conducted by a single Election Commission of India under Articles 324-329. The Electoral College operates under Article II and the Twelfth Amendment to the US Constitution. Congressional midterms fall in the second year of a presidential term. The Federal Election Commission oversees campaign finance, shaped significantly by Citizens United v. FEC (2010). Senate terms are staggered at six years, and House district boundaries are subject to gerrymandering by state legislatures.