The Budget process, from estimates to appropriation

Most expenditure is authorised without being discussed: the guillotine disposes of all outstanding demands on a fixed day, making committee examination the real scrutiny rather than floor debate. Article 112 requires an annual financial statement separating charged expenditure, not voted, from voted expenditure. Lok Sabha votes demands for grants under Article 113; an Appropriation Bill under Article 114 then authorises spending. Articles 115 and 116 cover supplementary grants and votes on account. Articles 266 and 267 establish the Consolidated Fund, Public Account, and Contingency Fund.