Consider the following statements regarding the Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR and Adjoining Areas (CAQM) — its statutory character, powers, and institutional role:

Statements

1. CAQM is a statutory body whose directions are binding in nature, and it has the authority to issue, amend, and enforce directions on industries operating in the Delhi-NCR region on matters relating to air quality.
2. CAQM operates as a purely advisory body subordinate to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), and its directions acquire legal force only after being ratified by CPCB.
3. CAQM's jurisdiction extends beyond Delhi to cover NCR States and adjoining areas, and it coordinates with State Pollution Control Boards as well as the Delhi Pollution Control Committee in implementing air quality norms.