Consider the following statements regarding anaemia prevention strategies and the Anaemia Mukt Bharat framework in India:

Statements

1. Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation is a targeted, precision strategy directed at vulnerable populations such as women and children, while staple-food fortification is a population-wide approach.
2. National-level surveys in India have established iron deficiency as the predominant cause of anaemia, confirming the rationale for universal iron supplementation programmes.
3. A key limitation of population-wide food fortification with iron is that it may have adverse effects on individuals who do not have iron deficiency anaemia.