Consider the following statements regarding the Strait of Hormuz as a global energy chokepoint:

Statements

1. The Strait of Hormuz is the only maritime route through which liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports from Qatar and the United Arab Emirates can physically transit, making it a non-substitutable chokepoint for Persian Gulf LNG trade.
2. Unlike maritime chokepoints, long-distance gas pipelines can rapidly scale up capacity to offset LNG shortfalls when sea-route disruptions occur, owing to their structural flexibility.
3. The strategic sensitivity of the Strait of Hormuz for global energy security arises partly from the concentration of major hydrocarbon producers — including Qatar, the UAE, Kuwait, and Iraq — whose export routes depend on access through or near the Persian Gulf exit.