Consider the following statements regarding CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) and Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF):Answer ▾
CORSIA is a global carbon reduction framework established under the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) that applies to international aviation emissions.
Under CORSIA, airlines are required to offset their carbon emissions growth above a baseline by purchasing eligible carbon credits, with SAF use also counting toward compliance.
CORSIA applies to both domestic and international aviation operations, making it obligatory for all flights regardless of route.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Incorrect. The answer is B
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: CORSIA is indeed ICAO's global framework to address carbon emissions from international aviation. Statement 2 is correct: the scheme requires airlines to offset any growth in CO2 emissions above a baseline through eligible carbon credits, and the use of SAF can also contribute to reducing the offset obligation. Statement 3 is incorrect: CORSIA applies exclusively to international aviation — domestic flights are outside its scope. ICAO has no mandate over domestic aviation emissions, which are addressed through national policies.
Consider the following statements regarding Article 350A of the Indian Constitution and the constitutional-statutory framework for mother-tongue-based education:Answer ▾
Article 350A places a justiciable fundamental right on States to provide mother-tongue instruction to children belonging to linguistic minority groups at the primary stage of education.
Article 350A casts an obligation on every State and every local authority within the State to endeavour to provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother-tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups.
The Right to Education Act, 2009 provides that the medium of instruction shall, as far as practicable, be in the child's mother tongue.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Incorrect. The answer is A
Explanation
Article 350A does not confer a justiciable fundamental right; it is placed in Part XVII (Official Language) of the Constitution as a directive-type provision using the language 'it shall be the endeavour of every State', which is aspirational and directory rather than an enforceable fundamental right — so Statement 1 is conceptually incorrect. Statement 2 correctly captures the text of Article 350A, which obligates both the State and every local authority within it to endeavour to provide adequate mother-tongue instruction facilities at the primary stage for linguistic minority children. Statement 3 correctly reflects Section 29(2)(f) of the Right to Education Act, 2009, which mandates that the medium of instruction shall, as far as practicable, be in the child's mother tongue.
Consider the following statements regarding education as a subject under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India:Answer ▾
Education is placed in the Concurrent List of the Seventh Schedule, meaning both Parliament and State Legislatures are competent to legislate on it; in the event of repugnancy the central law prevails, except where a State law has been reserved for the President's consideration and has received assent.
Because education is a Concurrent List subject, the Central Government directly administers the overwhelming majority of schools across the country.
The inclusion of education in the Concurrent List was the result of the 42nd Constitutional Amendment, which transferred it from the State List.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Incorrect. The answer is C
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: education figures in the Concurrent List (Entry 25), making both Parliament and State Legislatures competent to legislate on it. Under Article 254(1) a repugnant State law is void to the extent of the repugnancy. Article 254(2) carves out an exception — a State law repugnant to an earlier central law prevails within that State if it has been reserved for and received the President's assent — though the proviso preserves Parliament's power to override it by later enactment.
Consider the following statements regarding Samagra Shiksha and its associated education initiatives:Answer ▾
Samagra Shiksha is an integrated scheme covering school education from pre-primary to Class 12, aligned with the National Education Policy 2020.
ULLAS (New India Literacy Programme) targets illiterate adults aged 15 years and above, with a focus on rural areas, SC/ST-concentrated districts, and women.
PM SHRI (PM Schools for Rising India) is a centrally sponsored scheme aimed at establishing new schools from scratch across the country.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Incorrect. The answer is A
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: Samagra Shiksha is indeed an integrated scheme spanning pre-primary to Class 12, aligned with NEP 2020. Statement 2 is correct: ULLAS targets illiterate adults aged 15 years and above, with special emphasis on rural areas, SC/ST-concentrated districts, educationally backward areas, and women. Statement 3 is incorrect: PM SHRI is not aimed at establishing new schools from scratch; rather, it seeks to strengthen and upgrade more than 14,500 existing schools run by central/state/UT governments or local bodies, developing them as model schools.