Consider the following statements regarding India's crude oil import structure, the Urals-Brent price relationship, and the EU/UK price cap mechanism on Russian crude:

Statements

1. The EU and UK price cap on Russian crude oil is a ceiling imposed on the price at which Western-flagged vessels, insurers, and service providers may facilitate the transportation of Russian crude, rather than a direct import ban on Russian oil.
2. India's three largest crude-importing refineries — Jamnagar, Vadinar, and Paradip — are all located on India's western coastline, which gives them proximity to Middle Eastern crude supply routes.
3. A widening of the Urals-Brent discount benefits India as an importer of Russian crude by reducing the landed cost of Russian crude relative to benchmark-priced alternatives, thereby partially offsetting any rise in freight and insurance costs.