Consider the following statements regarding tropical cyclogenesis over the North Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea):

Statements

1. The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a westward-propagating band of tropical atmospheric activity that suppresses convection and thereby inhibits cyclogenesis over the North Indian Ocean.
2. Upper-air cyclonic circulations at mid-tropospheric levels over a sea basin are considered precursor features that can organise atmospheric convection and favour the development of surface depressions.
3. The Bay of Bengal experiences a higher frequency of tropical cyclone formation than the Arabian Sea, partly because the Bay retains relatively warmer sea-surface temperatures and receives greater moisture influx from surrounding landmasses.