Consider the following pairs regarding the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) principle and its application in international trade agreements:

Pairs

1. Forward-MFN clause — an obligation where any more favourable treatment granted by a party to a third country in the future is automatically extended to the other contracting party
2. Standard MFN clause in WTO agreements — permits a member to apply preferential tariff rates within a Free Trade Agreement without extending those preferences to all WTO members
3. CBAM-linked forward-MFN clause secured by India — guarantees that flexibilities the EU grants to any third country under CBAM will automatically flow to India