Consider the following statements regarding the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) and the governance of transboundary hilsa stocks in the Bay of Bengal:

Statements

1. Hilsa is an anadromous species, meaning it lives primarily in freshwater and migrates to marine waters for breeding.
2. Uncoordinated national fishing-ban calendars can shift net fishing pressure across maritime boundaries rather than reduce it, as fish migrate into a neighbouring country's Exclusive Economic Zone during the other country's closed season.
3. The EAFM framework, as applied to transboundary stocks, calls for joint stock assessments and synchronised seasonal closures across range states, rather than single-species rules written country by country.