Consider the following statements regarding soil health, the Soil Health Card framework in India, and soil carbon dynamics:

Statements

1. India's Soil Health Card framework currently measures biological soil health by assessing the diversity and abundance of living micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and earthworms, in addition to chemical parameters like NPK.
2. Soil organic carbon, as a metric, encompasses both active (living) carbon and inert (dead) carbon, and therefore serves only as a proxy indicator of soil's biological health rather than a direct measure of it.
3. Soil microbiota — including bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and earthworms — contribute to soil fertility primarily by improving the soil's capacity to absorb and cycle nutrients, a function analogous to the role of gut microbiota in human digestion.