Consider the following statements regarding the structural nature of India–China bilateral trade relations:

Statements

1. India's primary concern with the bilateral trade relationship is not merely the size of the deficit but also the lack of meaningful market access for Indian firms in China and India's continued dependence on Chinese finished goods such as electronics and machinery.
2. Chinese export controls — for instance on fertilizers and rare earths — have emerged as an additional dimension of concern for India in the bilateral trade relationship, separate from the market-access and trade-imbalance issues.
3. Both India and China have taken the position that trade must be brought to a state of perfect balance, and bilateral economic engagements have been conditioned on achieving parity in export volumes.